Statistics is the science that uses a set of methods for the numerical study of communities, as long as they can be counted, sorted, classified and analyzed according to certain common characteristics. Statistical research is an activity that appeals to various techniques with the purpose of reaching the essence of reality. The process of statistical research involves a series of steps; well, embarking on research without prior criteria or adequate preparation may require more time than programmed. The formulation of the problem is the initial step of the investigation procedure that will be extended by a series of courses until finding answers to the problem posed. As per best essay writing service experts, a correct approach or formulation of the problem is essential that establishes the limits of time and space parameters in which the investigation will be carried out accordingly the probabilities of the investigator not to go astray tend to be greater. No research from scratch for this should be informed on the subject to study. This leads the researcher to search for references, bibliographic consultations, the documentary compilation (reports made that provide us with information, data or figures). This is what is called the exploratory phase that aims to familiarize and internalize between the researcher and the field that is the subject of research. Consistent with this definition, we can say that the steps needed to conduct statistical research are as follows:
Research planning
This is the first step that follows statistical research. The success of statistical research depends largely on the planning that it is done. Sometimes, I just expected a certain stage and a lack of financial or human resources necessary archiving. Sometimes mistakes are made in the course of the investigation, which could be avoided with good planning through a good design project, a well-defined methodology, appropriate use of terms and forms well-adjusted to the needs of the investigation.
As per experts from the best essay writing service the lack of definition of objectives or too general, wrong methodology, initiating studies without an adequate budget, absence of clear instructions for collection processes, critical information, etc. All statistical data collection requires a plan detailing the aspects that research wants to cover, which set the procedure to be followed and to resolve any difficulties that may arise throughout the investigation.
Planning statistical research to be successful should be based primarily on the following aspects:
Define the nature of the problem: That is, explain clearly what is to be studied, which are the general and specific aspects want to know. Resolving this question will lead us to think of the kind of questions to ask, difficulties or advantages research money to develop it, the time required and the type of necessary human resources and previous training they need.
Justify research: That is, why it is considered necessary to carry out the study. Reflect on this fact probably allow us to decide on issues such as the date on which should start the investigation and date
Termination of it, what aspects are needed to investigate and seemingly important aspects which may be omitted, etc..
Determine the general and specific objectives: That is, determine what the possibilities of the practical application of research are. The clarity in this field will probably give more strength to the decision to undertake the study or possibly lead us to file it.
Define the terms to be used: This is essential not only that the results are comparable with others of the same nature, but also to avoid different interpretations between people involving research as informants, collectors, coders, critics, etc.
Bibliographical study: It is to find out who they have produced studies on the same subject, in order to use the results of the research was good enough and fits the time and our goals, saving time and money these conditions. They are important interviews with those who have experience in research, in order to capitalize on their successes and avoid failures. Through interviews of this nature with practice and experience, people could also be achieved valuable documentation as mapping, sampling frame, etc. If you still have some doubts you can check with the experts of the best essay writing service.
Methodology: It is to clearly define the following:
Define the population: Both the reference period and the geographical boundary. The size of this population will depend if the entire population is investigated or if only one sample for research to minimize time and money is used.
Sample selection: So define: sample size, type of sampling to be used, etc.
Instructive critical and coding: It refers to the instructions that should receive those who are responsible for encoding both the questions and the answers, so understandable to a computer program that will probably make tabulate the information. Moreover, the instructions will critically oriented people who will take care to detect omissions and inconsistencies in responses containing the forms.
Designing forms and instructions: Is this aspect that deserves special care in planning. The forms consist of two parts namely: identification data and data specific problems studied. In order to define the questions to be listed in the form, it is very useful to prepare some output tables, ie table’s design that will eventually be published as a result of the investigation, containing those items considered necessary in it.
Design collection plans: That is, the number of collectors will be needed, instruction manual, if necessary field supervisors or not, try to provide solutions to any difficulties that may arise during their work, etc.
Research evaluation: It is planned to compare with what was done during the investigation and establish the reasons for the differences to capitalize on experiences in other future research. It is important to prepare the end of the investigation, a memory thereof, preferably in the order that was followed during the planning stage and recording all the details presented in the course of the investigation.
Collection of data collection.
This is the second step of statistical research. Information required research is provided by the housewife, businessman, or any other informant; either through a person visiting the informant and makes him the questions necessary to write them down on a form, or by sending the informant a list of questions you can answer when you want. Data can also be obtained through telephone surveys and personal interviews. Sometimes the information is obtained by “record”, which means that the information is provided to the competent authority when the fact occurs or after it happens. Examples of collection Record: births, deaths, car accidents, real estate sales before a notary, power consumption., etc.
For statistical purposes, the data is classified as internal and external. The data obtained from the files themselves are internal data. However, it is often necessary to make comparisons with data from the same nature but referred to a scale greater magnitude or simply need to get information from a different source file themselves. These data are called exogenous external data. Now, from the point of view of the frequency with which research is conducted, harvesting can be done so: if the information is taken in extraordinary circumstances as some opinion polls, PERIÓDICA when research is carried out in periods of time such as regular collection on consumer prices monthly,
ORGANIZATION OF DATA
This is the third step of statistical research. The collected information, it must be organized, that is, the data before it is aggregated and used for analysis, should undergo a process of critical, i.e. a critical and severe examination in order to detect whether data are accurate, complete, accurate and representative. Experts from the best essay writing service say that criticism, seeks to classify the material: good, incorrect but correctable, and incorrigible and therefore disposable. Moreover, the data must be encoded, that is, each question must be identified by a number or code that may be recognized by the computer for the purpose of aggregation.
PRESENTATION OF DATA
This is the fourth step of statistical research. Data can be presented to potential readers through textual statements, charts, tables, or graphs. These alternative presentations help the reader understand agile, entertaining, concise, comprehensible information resulting from the investigation so.
PERFORMING THE ANALYSIS
This is the fifth step of statistical research. After the data is collected, organized and presented in an understandable way through the tables, figures, and statements; the information must be analyzed, a process that involves a series of mathematical operations. This analysis process will be carefully studied in the next chapter.
Interpretations and conclusions
This is the last step that follows statistical research. The interpretation of information is a field that concerns people specializing in the subject is research, such as statistics such as demographic, cultural, manufacturing, etc.
Conclusion
When the statistical-mathematical treatment of the entire mass of classified and tabulated data is performed this leads first to the formation of what is called finding which consists of statements about statistical properties of the data. The data itself has limited importance, so “it is necessary to make them speak”, this is to find meaning precisely that is the essence of the analysis or interpretation of the data. The purpose of the analysis is to summarize and purchase the observations carried out in such a way that it is possible to materialize the results of the investigation in order to provide answers to the questions of the investigation, be it to the problems formulated. The objective of interpretation, on the other hand, is to seek a broader meaning to the answers by working with other available knowledge; generalizations, laws, theories, etc. It should be noted that both the analysis and the interpretation have a lot of artisan work, so this phase cannot be reduced to a simple statistical-mathematical operation in this work in addition to the logic involved in the “sociological imagination”. Both tasks and interpretation are the culmination of any research process.
